Zooming is sometimes a very difficult topic to get the hang around. Zooming comes in two different formats, digital and optical. In most cameras, optical zooming is available as well as digital.
You may have seen the words 'X times Optical Zoom', sometimes it is even written onto the lens. The difference between 'Digital' and 'Optical' zooming is when you zoom digitally, your camera is automatically magnifying the image, so it takes a normal picture and then essentially crops it. The image is not clear normally, and I don't recommend you take any photo with this feature enabled. The image quality is extremely bad, and most of the time you can't see the object you are trying to capture. I have never taken a completely clear photo with this function, and it is most probably impossible.
Optical zooming is much different. You can guess by the name what it does; it moves the lenses inside the camera to enlarge the photograph (hence Optical). This means the image quality doesn't decrease. However, many people are fooled by the fact that optical zooming makes the image less clear. It doesn't. The camera sometimes is not made to take photos at that amount of zoom, making it extremely hard for it to focus. This only happens to digital cameras and lenses which are retractable, and cannot be removed. Also, basic problems like movement can blur the image.
http://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/digging-deeper-into-the-dolly-zoom/
In the image above, you can see how the refraction of light rays can enlarge an image. In the paragraph above when I explained how the camera cannot cope with the amount of zoom it has been forced onto it, when the image is too large the sensor is not big enough to cope with the large image being projected on it.
When you have a camera which has a detachable lens, each lens is made for its job; Macro, Wide-Angle and Telephoto (these are just the main three). The Telephoto lens is specifically made for zooming in, and it can focus well.
Yours Truly,
Snapography.
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